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b) 1 Tim 2:8: Paul wrote, “I desire that men in every place lift up holy hands free of anger and disputing.”

Anger and dissension block effective prayer (Matt 5:21–24; Eph 4:29–32, 1 Pet 3:7).[1]

As in Judaism and other Ancient Near Eastern cultures, people in the Greco-Roman world typically stood with their hands raised while praying (Exod 17:8–13; 1 Ki 8:22–26).[2]

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Elsewhere in Paul’s letters, anēr/andros (“man, male, husband”) and gynē (“woman, female, wife”) occur together in the context of marriage (Rom 7:2–3; 1 Cor 7:1–4, 10–16, 32–34; 1 Cor 14:34–35; Eph 5:21–33; Col 3:18–19; Tit 1:6).

The exception to this appears in 1 Cor 11:3–13.[3]

Therefore, 1 Tim 2:8–15 may apply to spousal relationships, rather than to congregations.[4]

Whichever is correct, the doctrinal disputes concerning women in Ephesus engulfed even the men in the church.[5]

 Image via Wikimedia Commons

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b) Read 1 Tim 2:8. What makes anger while praying inappropriate? Do you think this verse applies to marriage or to relationships within congregations? Why do you believe that?

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Go to Adorned with Good Works (1 Tim 2:9–10)

[Related posts include The Cult of Artemis (False Teaching in Ephesus); Adorned with Good Works (1 Tim 2:9–10); She Must Learn (1 Tim 2:11); Domineering Women (1 Tim 2:12–14); Saved through Childbearing (1 Tim 2:15); God Hates Violence (Mal 2:13–16); Partners in Ministry (Acts 18:1–3, 18–20, 24–26 and 2 Ki 22:11–23:4; Effects of the Fall Reversed (Rom 5:12–21 and Rom 16:1–12); Three Heads (1 Cor 11:3); Three Heads (1 Cor 11:3); Women Praying and Prophesying (1 Cor 11:4–6 and 1 Cor 14:34–35); Having Authority over Her Head (1 Cor 11:7–10); Interdependence (1 Cor 11:11–12); Unity in the Spirit (Eph 5:18–21); Submissive to One Another (Eph 5:21–24); Sacrificial Love (Eph 5:25–30); and Living Together with Understanding (1 Pet 3:7–9)]

[Click here to go to Women and Marriage Throughout Redemptive History; or to Chapter 8: Pain and Desire (Genesis 3:16, 20)]

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[1]I. Howard Marshall and Philip H. Towner, A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Pastoral Epistles (ICC; London; New York: T & T Clark, 2004), 445.

[2] Keener, IVPBBCNT2, 605.

[3]Result of Logos 8 word study on gynē.

[4]Gordon P. Hugenberger, “Women in Church Office: Hermeneutics or Exegesis. A Survey of Approaches to 1Tim 2:8–15,” JETS 35, no. 3, September 1992: 341–60, 354, http://womeninthechurch.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/hugenberger%20women%20in%20church%20office%20re%20husbands%20and%20wives%20issue%20in%201%20timothy%202.pdf.

[5]Marshall and Towner, A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Pastoral Epistles, 446.